Notes
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Outline
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Taxonomy
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How do we name plants?
  • Taxonomyàstudy of plant names and the identification of plants


  • King Philip Came Over From Great Spain



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Taxonomy Chart
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species


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Taxonomy Chart Example
  • Kingdom: Plant
  • Phylum: Spermatophyta (seed plants)
  • Class: Angiospermae (seeds in fruit)
  • Order: Acerales
  • Family: Aceraceae
  • Genus: Acer
  • Species: rubrum
  • Variety: ‘October Glory’
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Early Scholars
  • Wrote in Latin or Greek
  • Some names were very long.
  • To simplify, a Swedish botanist Linnaeus developed the two-name system of naming plants
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Early Scholars
  • Binomial Nomenclature: Latin two-name system for naming plants


  • First Name—Genus.  It is uppercased.
  • Second Name—Species.  It is lowercased.
  • Both names are italicized since it is written in Latin.
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What does all this mean???J
  • Genus
    • Usually a noun.
    • Often the name of an early botanist


    • EXAMPLES: Acer (Maple), Chrysanthemum (mum), Dianthus (pink), Sedum (stonecrop), Pinus (pine), and Pelargonium (geranium).
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What does all this mean???J
  • Species
    • Usually an adjective
    • Gives important information about the plant
    • Color: (Betula lutea is the yellow birch.  Betula alba is the white birch, Quercus rubra is the red oak, Juglans nigra is the black walnut)
    • Geographical information: (A.nemone virginiana is the Virginia anemone, Taxus canadensis is the Canadian yew).
    • Size: (Macro and micro are greek words for large and small).
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Plant Families
  • Related genera with similar flower structures are grouped together into major units known as FAMILIES.


    • Example: Rosaceae: Prunus (plum), Fragaria (strawberry), Rubus (bramble), and Malus (apple).